Category: Parashah

  • What is your one thing? V’zot Habracha

    That question sat with me long before I could explain why, until it found its place: Kraków, at the edge of a war. I went in the war’s first weeks, when Poland’s eastern border was still processing the deluge of Ukrainian women and children who had grabbed what would fit in one bag and fled their homes. Thirty rabbis brought two tons of supplies and a stack of money to do our small part in this humanitarian crisis. We headquartered at the JCC. We walked into Kazimierz, the old Jewish quarter, now the city’s hip center, with klezmer spilling out of restaurant doors and mezuzah-shaped keychains in gift shop windows. Jewish culture was on display, preserved as kitsch.

    The Rema Synagogue stands across the square, and behind it lies a cemetery the Nazis tried to destroy. Most of the gravestones had been broken or removed and repurposed as paving stones. The ones that remained were put together to form a wall, creating a mosaic of broken names. However, one grave was untouched: that of Moses Isserles, the Rema, whose notes on the Shulchan Aruch continue to shape how many Jews pray, eat, and live. His gravestone is inscribed in Hebrew with the words: “From Moses to Moses, there was none like Moses.”

    The line was never intended for him; it had been cut centuries earlier on the tomb of Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon), who is perhaps revered as second only to Moses Rabbenu. Kraków took the epitaph and added to it, so three men with the same name now share the same sentence: Moses, who brought the Torah down from the mountain; Maimonides, who systematized it; and Isserles, who made it applicable to Ashkenazi Jews. They were all true giants and are so highly regarded that people still visit their graves.

    This week we study V’zot Habracha, the Torah’s final parsha. Moses makes his final preparations; he goes up the mountain, bestows his final blessings, explains how festivals such as Sukkot are to be celebrated, and then dies. The Torah does not allow him to enter the land he traveled toward for forty years; instead, he sees it and leaves a blessing behind. That is all.

    In our tradition, we look up to those who achieved greatness: a lawgiver, a philosopher, or a legal scholar who still guides a Jewish family in Philadelphia to keep milk and meat separate. When we visit the graves of these later Moses figures, we might wonder whether we could ever do what they did. But that is not the right question, and it might even lead us astray.

    In City Slickers, the old trail boss, Curly, played by Jack Palance, raises a crooked finger and tells Mitch, played by Billy Crystal, that the secret of life consists of a single thing. Mitch waits anxiously to find out what it is, but Curly does not say. Instead, he tells him, “That’s what you have to find out,” before riding off.

    Most of us will not write a Shulchan Aruch or lead people out of slavery. That is not what we are meant to do, and our tradition does not expect it. Instead, it asks for something smaller, and even harder: to find your one thing. This could be the care you bring to your daily work, or the care you show as an adult child, parent, spouse, or friend during a tough time. It might also be something quieter, like serving on a board without recognition, or spending time with someone who is dying and simply wants company.

    We have just completed the Yamim Noraim and closed the Torah scroll at its final word, only to open it again at the beginning. This cycle is the lesson: we never truly arrive; we keep returning, year after year, to the same question. What is your one thing? Not so that your name will be carved in stone, but so that when people say, ‘may their memory be a blessing,’ it will truly be so.

    Rabbi David Levin is the president of the Board of Rabbis of Greater Philadelphia and founder of the Jewish Relationships Initiative.

     

  • A Roof You Can See Through- A Reflection on Sukkot

    On Leviticus 22:26–23:44 and the architecture of Sukkot

    I have never been sure what to do with a roof I can see through.

    That is what the sukkah asks of you, and the text is specific. Leviticus 23:42 says teishvu, you shall sit in booths seven days, and the roof covering has to come from what grew and was cut down, branches and leaves, laid loosely enough that starlight and rain get in. The root of the sukkah is skhakh, to cover or weave together, and the covering, unlike a thatched roof, was never meant to seal you off from the sky. It was meant to let you feel the sky while still being inside.

    The reason for this is in the next verse: So that your descendants will know I had the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of Egypt. The sukkah is not a shelter you build because you need one. We build it from memory, with our own hands, concretizing the story for our children.

    The timing of this is important. Four days earlier, on Yom Kippur, we stood fully exposed and vulnerable, asking to be seen and forgiven. The Torah’s answer to that kind of exposure is not to hand you back your walls and their security; it shouldn’t be back to business as usual; it marks a change and a fresh start. We build a weaker version of our home on purpose, and then we are commanded, more explicitly than anywhere else in the text, to be joyful inside it. U’smachta lifnei Hashem Elokecha shivat yamim (Lev 23:40), you shall rejoice before your God seven days. Not despite the thin roof. Inside it.

    This understanding challenges a common assumption: joy comes only after you are safe. The Torah seems to argue something very different. The joy the Torah commands does not come after vulnerability is resolved. It comes while vulnerability remains, literally overhead, with stars and the moon peeking through.

    Sukkot is also called Chag Ha’Asif, the festival of the ingathering, the harvest at its fullest. The same seven days celebrate the year’s greatest abundance and the temporary dwelling you build to remind you how little you actually control. The text wants to hold these in tension. You can have enough, even abundance, and still go outside and sleep under branches, because fullness was never what made you truly secure to begin with.

    Secure space is different from sacred space. The text doesn’t offer a simple answer to that question here. The sukkah doesn’t keep out the weather. It keeps you sitting with people who chose to sit with you, under a flimsy roof that offers no protection. The shelter isn’t in the structure; it is in the people who showed up to dwell in the sukkah with you. Quoting my own tagline: “God’s miracle isn’t in the thunder and lightning but in people sheltering others from the storm.”

    Most of what we build in our lives, including our institutions, our homes, even our religious practice, is built for permanence. We reinforce it and want it to hold. And once a year, our tradition asks us to build the opposite on purpose, something that cannot hold, and to call that the dwelling place of joy.

    So, my conclusion isn’t a conclusion at all.  Instead, I am left with a couple of questions: Where in your life this year is the sturdiest structure, and where is the one with the roof you can see through, the one that only stands because people chose to sit inside it with you?  And which one, if you are honest, has actually made you feel safe?

    Wishing you a sweet good 5787!

    Rabbi David Levin is the president of the Board of Rabbis of Greater Philadelphia and founder of the Jewish Relationships Initiative.

     

     

  • Shabbat Shalom and G’mar Tov

    “Moses doesn’t end with a speech. He ends with a song. The Torah — the whole thing — ends in music. This Shabbat, so do we.”

    For Shabbat Ha’azinu, I share People Get Ready performed by The Impressions.It is a beautiful invitation for all to join together and a lovely way to share the Shabbat before Yom Kippur.

    Wishing all a Gmar Chatima Tova and Shabbat Shalom

    עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל כָּל יוֺשְׁבֵי תֵבֶל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן

    Oseh shalom bimromav, hu ya’aseh shalom aleinu, v’al kol Yisrael, v’al kol yoshvei tevel v’imru amen.

    May the One who makes peace in the high places, bring peace upon us, and upon all Israel, and all humankind, and let us say: Amen.

  • Parshat Ha’azinu-Just a Thing Before I Go

    Moses knows this is his last day, and he does not ask for one hour alone.

    Ha’azinu opens with him addressing not his family, not his closest disciples, but the heavens and the earth themselves: “Give ear, O heavens, and I will speak; and let the earth hear the words of my mouth” (Deuteronomy 32:1). The parsha takes its name from that first word, ha’azinu, “give ear.” After forty years leading a people out of slavery and through the wilderness, and on the day he will die without ever entering the land he spent his life walking toward, Moses does not turn inward. He turns outward and asks the whole of creation to listen.

    That question continues to dog me.  What is left to do, on your very last day, except finish the work?

    There is no time for anything else. No mountain to climb for a private reckoning, no quiet reflection meant only for himself. Moses uses what remains of his life exactly as he used all of it, in service to the people he is about to leave behind. The tradition knew this. Rabbi Eliezer taught, “Repent one day before your death” (Pirkei Avot 2:15). His students asked the obvious question: who knows the day of their death? He answered that this was exactly the point. Since we don’t know, we should live each day as though it might be that one (Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 153a). Moses is living this teaching on the one day he knows for certain is his last.

    Most of us don’t have that certainty. I do not know whether this is merciful or cruel, but it is human life.

    I often use a passage when I officiate a funeral. Death will come, and we cannot enter into judgment with it. Our question, why, will go unanswered. We rob death of its ultimate victory by living our lives so that when death comes, it takes us from a world where one corner is a little better because we were there. These thoughts do not give us an answer, but they refuse to let the unanswered why be the last word. And for the bereaved, they offer comfort for a loved one who is now but a precious memory.

    That, I think, is what Moses is doing on this last day. He has his own unanswered why. After everything, he will not cross into the land, and Ha’azinu does not resolve that grievance for him. He is resigned to his fate and doesn’t spend his final hours arguing the verdict. He spends them making sure the corner of the world he’s standing in, the people in front of him, are a little better for having had him.

    Rosh Hashanah asks us to imagine our names being written, and Yom Kippur asks us to imagine them sealed, v’chotveinu b’sefer hachayim, inscribing us in the book of life. We ask for more time in the very season that reminds us we won’t have unlimited time. We know we’re mortal. We ask anyway. I don’t think that’s a contradiction so much as an act of honesty. Wanting more life and knowing its limits turn out to be the same posture, not two different ones.

    Could I live even one day, let alone a whole year, with Moses’ clarity? Probably not, but I would like to try.

    The hope of these Ten Days isn’t that we become Moses. On his last day, we’re handed a smaller, answerable question in place of the one none of us can answer. Not why. Just this: whose corner of the world got a little better because we were standing in it this year. Who we sheltered. Who we listened for. Who heard us say, this year, give ear.

    G’mar chatima tova. May we be sealed for a good year, and may we spend it the way Moses spent his last one.

     

    I acknowledge AI (Claude, Gemini, and Grammarly), in developing this essay.

  • Both Boys Lived- A message from Rosh HaShanah

    Both Boys Lived

    Nobody is sacrificed on either morning. We move past that faster than it deserves.

    The knife stops. The well appears. Both boys grow up and become something. Ishmael is promised twelve princes and a great nation. When he dies, the Torah uses the identical phrase it gave Abraham eight verses earlier, vayigva vayamot vayei’asef el amav, meaning he breathed his last, died, and was gathered to his people. Isaac carries the covenant. Neither is destroyed by what was done to him, and neither ever says a word against the man who did it.

    Begin with what they were called, because neither boy was given a name of his own. Yishmael, “God will hear,” is assigned because the Lord has heard your affliction. It is the record of his mother’s rescue, fastened to him before he was born. Yitzchak, “he will laugh,” comes from a father laughing face down on the ground and a mother laughing behind the tent flap. One name commemorates a woman being heard. The other commemorates two people who did not believe. Neither name is about the boy carrying it.

    A mother saves them both.

    Hagar lifts her voice in the desert, and God hears the boy. Then comes a verse we don’t read on Rosh Hashanah. Vayehi Elohim et hana’ar vayigdal. God was with the lad, and he grew. He lived in the wilderness and became an archer, and his mother took him a wife from Egypt. She arranged her son’s marriage herself, in exile, with nothing. Isaac’s father sends a servant and ten camels to do it for him.

    Sarah is harder. She acts on her child’s behalf so he will live, and she puts another woman’s child in the desert. She sees her son, but she sees him so narrowly that she cannot see anyone else’s. And still, the one fact the Torah gives us about Isaac’s inner life is that he was comforted after his mother. Not after his father. Vayinachem, from the root that also means to change your mind, because comfort in Hebrew is a turning, and Isaac has a great deal to turn from.

    So, what happens to the children we do not see? Are they sacrificed? The Torah’s answer is no, but it is not a comforting no. The trauma somehow endures despite the achievements.

    They live. That much the text will say. They grow, they marry, they raise twelve princes, they inherit the covenant, they are gathered to their people full of days. Somebody looks at them. The looking gets done. Someone who is not you does it. Whether that is the same thing as being fine, the Torah leaves it for later, and it does answer it.

    What gets sacrificed is the relationship.

    Count the words. After the mountain, Abraham and Isaac never speak again in the Torah. Between Abraham and Ishmael, there is not a single recorded word in either direction. Here is a man who fathers two nations yet has no conversation with either of his sons. That is the cost of the Akedah, and it is not paid by a boy.

    You can see this happen now in families where everybody is still alive and nothing has visibly gone wrong. The child is thriving. There is work, a partner, and children of their own. The parent can narrate all of it accurately and has learned every detail from somebody else.

    Abraham dies at a hundred and seventy-five, and Isaac and Ishmael bury him together at Machpelah. The verse does not say they mourned him. It says they buried him. Then the Torah moves on, listing Ishmael’s sons, and Isaac returns to the well.

    The boys were never the sacrifice. Ask who was. Then ask whether somebody is out there right now, growing up without you.

    May the Days of Awe bring you meaning; may the year ahead be good.

    L’ShanahTova U’metukah.

  • Shabbat Shalom – Parsha Nitzavim-Vayelech

    As we approach this Shabbat in Elul, we are reminded of everyone’s importance; we all stand in covenant, responsible.  So Choose life. Debbi Friedman’s beautiful music, shared by Cantor Rollin Simmons, brings this core message of our tradition to life.  

    Shabbat Shalom 

    עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל כָּל יוֺשְׁבֵי תֵבֶל

     וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן

    May the One who makes peace in the high places, bring peace upon us, and upon all Israel, and all humankind, and let us say: Amen. 

     

  • Parshat Nitzavim-Vayelech — How Do You Say Goodbye

    How do you say goodbye when you already know how the story ends?

    Moses has one day remaining. Since Nitzavim-Vayelech falls on the last Shabbat before Rosh Hashanah, the text positions him exactly there: a hundred and twenty years old, told he will not enter, and watching the people whom he had carried through the desert stand at the edge of a land which he will only be able to see from a mountain. We have all seen something similar when someone we loved was coming to the end; there is a sudden flash of clarity just at that moment, the fog lifting briefly so that the person we knew can make one more visit. They don’t usually make speeches; instead they concentrate on what is truly important to them: they enquire about the grandchild, resolve what remains unresolved, say the name that needed to be said, and then the opportunity closes once again. Even though Moses remains as clear-sighted as ever, he too has this same kind of opportunity, and he makes use of it in the same way.

    After finishing the Torah, Moses gives it to the Levites; then he calls Joshua before the entire nation and gives him two words in place of a eulogy: chazak v’ematz, be strong and resolute. Furthermore, in the phrase which names the parashah, vayelech Moshe, instead of the people coming to him he goes out to them. The rabbis interpret this verb literally and state that Moses spent his final day walking from tent to tent so that nobody would have to go to him to say goodbye.

    This is not a farewell speech; it’s a man refusing to allow his goodbyes to become just another item that people have to collect.

    Earlier in the parshah, Moses had already told them what he wanted them to retain after his death. He did not want them to have a system of judges or a war strategy for Canaan; instead, he told them that it is already in their mouths and in their hearts, something they do not need to obtain from heaven or fetch across the sea. Last week’s portion explained why that closeness took so long, 40 years: the people were shaped into a state of readiness through hunger and their experiences wandering in the Midbar, rather than being ready from the start. At this point, the distance is finally short enough. Moses is not leaving them a locked box; he is telling them that the key is close by.

    He also instructs them to choose life so that both they and their children may live; that seems confident. But what comes next is not. God clearly tells Moses that the people will break their faith, follow other gods, and suffer as a result, and orders Moses to compose a song to serve as a witness on the day this occurs. It is strange to leave a nation behind, not with a promise that they will remain faithful but with a poem already ready for the time when they do not.

    I do not believe that Moses is contradicting himself; in my view he is achieving something more difficult than simply showing confidence. Earlier there is a promise that when they are scattered and eventually come back, God will gather them once again, even from the most distant places. Moses is not making provision only for success; he is preparing for both failure and a return, since after forty years’ experience he has realized that a people worthy of being led are never found solely in the good times or only in the bad. Leadership must have a plan for both situations, and so he leaves them one.

    I think about my own version of that afternoon more than I say aloud. What did I actually teach the people who came through my door? What survives me that isn’t a title or a building? Moses left no army or institution bearing his name. Simply a scroll. A name spoken twice to steady a nervous successor. A day spent walking tent to tent instead of waiting to be visited.

    What is written on your scroll? And who is going to need you to go to them before the day is up?

    Shabbat Shalom.

  • Shabbat Shalom

    We are to tell our story as an act of gratitude.  “Ki Tavo commands us to bring our first fruits and tell our story — not as boasting but as gratitude. Andra Day rises because the story she carries demands it.” 

    Shabbat Shalom

    עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל כָּל יוֺשְׁבֵי תֵבֶל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן

    Oseh shalom bimromav, hu ya’aseh shalom aleinu, v’al kol Yisrael, v’al kol yoshvei tevel v’imru amen.

    May the One who makes peace in the high places, bring peace upon us, and upon all Israel, and all humankind, and let us say: Amen.

  • You’ve Made It- a message of Ki Tavo

    You’ve made it.

    I remember standing in a robe I’d never worn before, waiting for my name to be called at ordination and receive my Smichah. Five years of arduous struggle with text and new learning, self-doubt and yearning, brought me to a door with a new life just on the other side of the threshold.

    Ki Tavo opens on the same threshold: the name means “when you come” or “when you enter.” After forty years of a life lived one day’s manna at a time, B’nei Israel is told what happens on the other side of the wandering. Stand half the tribes on Gerizim, half on Ebal, and hear the blessings and curses called out across the valley. Near the parsha’s close, Moses says something startling: “Until this day, the Lord has not given you a heart to know, or eyes to see, or ears to hear.” (Deut. 29:3)

    Rashi, citing the Talmud, calls the sojourn a forty-year apprenticeship: a student doesn’t fully grasp a teacher’s wisdom while still living within it. Freedom and despair held the whole trek, neither ever defeating the other. The same generation that walked out of Egypt upright, unowned for the first time in memory, kept begging to go back, the terror of the open desert outweighing whatever freedom was supposed to feel like. Both built the organs Moses says only now work.

    I am sure you also remember the Wizard of Oz: the Wizard sends Scarecrow off with a diploma and Tin Man off with a heart-shaped watch. I used to read this as a secret they always had. They didn’t. Scarecrow learned to solve real problems along their journey, badly at first, better as the miles went on. Tin Man ached for Dorothy until the ache became, undeniably, a heart. The diploma and the watch mark the end of the apprenticeship. Moses closes one too, forty years later, on the plains of Moab.

    I have a deeper appreciation now of what I didn’t know in that robe. The Smichah didn’t hand me anything. It marked the point where five years of study and work had built enough of a rabbi to be trusted with the door. The building continued, with no ceremony, the following Monday.

    Which may be why Ki Tavo doesn’t let the forging stop at the border. It follows its own graduation line with a list: honest weights, field corners left for the hungry, a tithe handed over before you’ve decided you can afford it. None of it is glamorous. All of it is the forty years continued in miniature: a heart needs exercise to stay strong, and it gets that on ordinary days, not mountaintops.

    Ki Tavo’s list is not merely a set of ledger entries, God tallying rewards for the obedient and punishment for the defiant. I buried that pediatric theology long ago, when a good man’s chart recorded things his heart hadn’t earned. Good people lose everything; careless people prosper for decades, and no verse explains it away. What I trust is quieter: what we do in the small, unwatched hours still matters, and it adds up.

    The freedom didn’t turn into relief once they crossed, and the despair didn’t lift either. That may be why the mountains remain two, standing across from each other, neither ever collapsing into the other, both still true today. I know people who believe in a zero-sum game think a finite pile means grabbing first, before the next person can, treating others as threats rather than neighbors. I know others, driving across town with food for someone they’ve never met, paying a cost that isn’t theirs because someone had to. Gerizim hasn’t canceled Ebal. They’re both still standing, and so are we, somewhere between them.

    I have a heart to know now, more than I did years earlier, that it was built the way B’nei Israel was: not handed over but earned over years, with no one else watching. Ki Tavo isn’t really asking whether we possess it. It’s asking what we do with it on the Tuesdays after the ceremony ends, when no one is watching, and every day thereafter.

    Which mountain are you standing on today?

     

  • Shabbat Shalom

    As we welcome Shabbat and read from Ki Tetzei, the musical connector is Lecha Dodi.  Based on a verse from Isaiah, we are told “Dont be ashamed” despite the trials of the week, welcome the comfort of Shabbat.

    David Sasso brings Lecha Dodi to us with Bluegrass.  Using this genre is a metaphor about reaching out to others and creating relationships wherever they may be.

    Shabbat Shalom

    עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל כָּל יוֺשְׁבֵי תֵבֶל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן

    May the One who makes peace in the high places, bring peace upon us, and upon all Israel, and all humankind, and let us say: Amen.